Transportation in Human Beings

Shyam Mohan June 15, 2022

 What is Transportation?

Transportation is a life processes which allows useful & wasteful substances such as oxygen,food,salt,carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes and other substances in a multicellular organisms to move from one part of the body to another.



Transportation in human beings

How Transportation occur in human body?

Transportation in human body is done by circulatory system.

The parts from Transportation done by is 

i)Blood 

(ii)Blood vessels

(iii) Heart

What is blood?

Ans:- It is a connective tissue.it is red colour fluid and it transport useful and wasteful substances from a part to another part.

Composition of Blood

Blood contains 55% Plasma,1% Platelets and WBC and 44% RBC.

What is Plasma?

It is pale yellowish fluid part of Blood.Plasma is dissolved form of water,ion, proteins, Nutrients,wastes and gases.

Function of Blood 

Transport function of Blood

Performed by Plasma 

  • It transports digested food substances.
  • It transports Excretory Products (from tissues to excretory organs eg. Nitrogenous waste product--->kidney,Carbon dioxide (bicarbonate ions)---->to lungs.)
  • It transports Hormones,Heat 

Performed by RBC

It transports O2 (from lungs to rest of body)

Protective function by blood 

  • It has Guards against infection(WBC)
  • It performs Blood clotting (Platelets)

Blood Vessels

There are 3 types of blood vessels 

i)Arteries:- Those blood vessels transport blood from heart to organs is called Arteries.

ii)Veins:-Those blood vessels transport blood from body organs to the heart is called veins.

iii) Capillaries:- it is those blood vessels that helps in exchange of substances.


Arteries 

Direction of Blood Flow:- Away from Heart 

Oxygen:- Flows oxygenated blood 

Pressure:- High 

Walls:- thick 

Valves:- Absent 

Function:- Distributes blood pumped by heart 

Carries O2 & nutrients 

Veins 

Direction of Blood Flow:-Towards the heart 

Gas:- Deoxygenated Blood

Pressure:- Lesser that Arteries 

Walls:- thin 

Valves :- Present 

Function:- Returns blood to heart 

Carries CO2 & other waste 

Capillaries 

Direction of Blood Flows:- Joins Veins & Arteries.

Oxygen:-Exchange of gases occur in Capillaries CO2 & O2 

Pressure:- Medium

Walls:- One Celled Thick

Valves:- Absent 

Function:- Exchange of O2 and nutrients with cells 

Pick up CO2 and waste from cells 


Important

  • Aorta is the biggest Artery.
  • Vena Cava is the largest vein.
  • The vein whose took oxigenated  blood lungs to heart is called Pulmonary Vein.
  • The Artery which took Deoxygenated blood heart to any lung is called Pulmonary Artery.

THE HEART 

1.it is a muscular organ.(Cardiac Muscles),(Involuntary Muscles)

2.Located in chest cavity.

3.It is big as fist.

4.Act as a pumping organs.

Human Heart has 4  Chambers 

1.Left Atrium 

2.Right Atrium 

3.Left Ventricle 

4.Right Ventricle 

How Blood Flows in Body?

Lungs--->Pulmonary Vein(Oxygenated Blood)---->Left Atrium---->Left Ventricle----->Aorta(Oxygenated Blood)--->Body Organs---->Vena Cava(Deoxygenated Blood)---->Right Atrium------->Right Ventricle----->Pulmonary Artery to Lungs 

This cycles flows the blood.

Why we need chambers in heart?

  • To prevent the mixing of Oxygenated Blood and Deoxygenated Blood.
  • More oxygen will be supplied to body organs in better way.
  • Highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body.
  • More respiration leading to more energy.

Blood Pressure

Pressure exerted by Blood on walls of blood vessels.

Types of Blood Vessels 

1.Systolic Pressure:- The pressure of Blood inside the artery during ventricular systole.(Contraction)

2.Diastolic Pressure :- The pressure in Artery during vertrucular diastole.(Relaxation)

Blood Pressure is measured by Sphygmomanometer.

Hypertension

When the blood pressure in our body becomes high form a loug period of time is called Hypertension.It is Caused by Construction of Blood vessels.

Lymphatic System 

It contains 

i)lymph fluid 

ii)lymph vessels 

iii)lymph nodes 

LYMPH 

Lymph is a extra cellular fluid  it is colourless.it has proteins&WBC.It is formed by leaking of plasma from Capillaries.

Function of Lymph 

Fluid Balance:- Drains excess fluid from extra cellular space back into the blood.

Fat Transport:- Lymph Carries digested and absorbed fat from Intestine and transport to blood stream.

Immune System:- Transports Foreign Material to lymph nodes for disposal.

Lymph 

i)It is colourless fluid.
ii)It is part of the lymphatic system.
iii)it helps in body defence and is a part of the immune system.
iv)it contains plasma and lymphocytes.
v)Carnes less amount of O2 digested food.
vi)Transport nutrients from the tissue cells to blood through lymphatic vessels.
vii)The flow of lymph is slow.
viii)Clots slowly due to presence of less fibrinogen.
ix)The movement of lymph is in a single direction.


Blood 

i)it is reddish coloured.

ii)It is part of circulatory system.

iii)it is associated with circulation of O2 and CO2,nutrients Hormones,Wastes products etc.

iv)It contains plasma,RBC,WBC and platelets.

v)Carnes more amount of oxygen and digested food.

vi)Transport nutrients and oxygen from one organ to another.

vii)The flow of Blood in blood vessels is fast 

viii)Clots quickly due to the presence of more amount of fibrinogen.

ix)The movement of Blood is both towards and away from Heart.


























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